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When we start doing any worship or Japam or meditation we remember the Rsi, Chandas, Presiding Devata, Beejam, Shakti and Keelakam What is the importance of these and how does each of these aspects help ?

In spiritual Practices, associated with mantrams:
We do not hear about Beejam, Keelakam, Shakti, and even the presiding devata which may be obviious, such as in Rama mantra.
What is the importance of Keelakam?
I assume the Devata is the presiding deity to bestow the benefits including the knowledge, the Beejam sets the nature of the benefits, just as a beejam decides the tree that comes up.
How does the Shakti also specific to the mantram, direct the energy of the sadhaka? Are there other aspects that one regularly follows?

This is a good discussion to share our knowledge one another. As all of us are not sarvagnas, we have to share our knowledge.

Generally Chanting of mantra is of for two reasons. One for to fulfill our desires and another for to reach god. Based on these mantras are classified as Loukika mantras ( used to fulfill our desires) and moksha mantras ( Used to reach god). But some mantras can be used for both purposes.

Every mantra has Shadangas ie. six parts. 1.Rishi 2. Chandas 3. Devatha 4. Beejam 5. Keelakam 6. Shakti. If we chant mantra with knowledge about these six parts of that mantra, then we will get benefits quickly.

Rishi means the person who did japa of that mantra for the first time and get sidhi of that mantra. Some rishis also discover mantras, then they will become rishi of that mantra.
Chandas says actual pronunciation of that mantra. That is how should we pounce that sound ( mantra) while doing japa.
Devatha is the god who will give benifits, when we are doing that mantra. Generally for each mantra there will be a Adhisthana Devatha with specific dhyana rupa.
Beejam resembles the basic character (tatva) of the mantra. for example jala tatva(soft), agni tatva (hard) etc.
Keelakam is the key to open the lock to get results. As we can not see or get any thing from the house with out opening the lock, in the same manner we can not get any result from that mantra with out performing keelakam. In doing mantra japa, we should do this for getting results.
Shakti is the power of mantra. This is the power we get, when we chant a mantra.

These are the six parts of Mantra japam (Shadangas). Inspite of these there are some other things also present in manta japam. They are Kavacham, Sankalpam and Ardham.

Kavacham is the protection from bad elements to obstruct mantra japam. Some times there may be some dangers will come based on our capacity and suitability to do chanting of that mantam. to over come these we have to wear this protection coat ie. Kavacham
Sankalpam, this is the most important thing of mantra japam that gives results for chanting. Sankalpam means the reason for what we are doing this chanting? We have to setup a goal to do mantra japam. ie. to reach god or to fulfill any desire etc. With out goal setting the manta japam may not continue for lomg time and the benifits for doing mantra japam are not recognisable. That means the effect of mantra japam will be useful in any other means, we may recognise that or not. So to get perfect result from mantra japam we have to put sankalpam.
Ardham is the meaning of that mantra, Knowing meaning of that mantra will clarify several doubts regarding that mantra.

These are all for mantra japam to fulfill our desires ie. Loukika mantras. But in case of Moksha mantras ie. like Rama mantram or Namasshivaya (panchakshari) we should care for the devoyion to wards the diety, not for Shadangas of Mantra japam. Although Moksha mantras will have shadangas, they can give result only thrugh chanting. Valmiki is the best example. He did Rama nama japam in reverse, with out knowing meaning, Shadangas. But he reach his goal, get moksha, became a maharshi and wrote Ramayana.

The god sees only the devotion towards him and not his knowledge about mantram. With out devotion, God will not take into consideration, even though the person is fully aware of mantra and did crores of japam. Doing only japam with devotion will give full results.

Sarada matha (wife of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa) also specifies this point. Do the Nama smarana at least with minimum of devotion. This will surely give the ultimate result, and you can get moksha.

I'm poor in knowledge regarding this topic, but can't find any reason for Rama mantra, not to have a Rishi. Both of you forgot Hanuman. Everybody knows that Hanuman chants Rama mantra day and night. He is beloved Bhakta of Lord Srirama. OK, Valmiki too.

I put forward another question. What about Gayatri mantra? On an occasion in our nearby temple, I heard that Gayatri mantra has three deities, three Rishis etc. How can it be possible to have three deities for a single mantra? Will three deities appear if we chant that mantra? Please don't consider that I'm commenting. Just interest. That's it.

A mantra can have many deities. According to Devibhagavatam, Gayatri mantra has three deities (Gayatri, Savitri, Saraswati). But the worshiper sees a single deity based on the route guided to him by his Guru.

Devibhagavata Puranam clearly tells another important point :
One may or may not follow the strict rules of Shadangas. He can attain divinity and see the Mantra Adhidevata just by chanting the Gayatri Mantra 3000 times a day.
There are many tales about this point. But, Devibhagavatam gives authority.

Importance of Keelakam :
Keelakam is sacrificing one's intellect, energy and desires for the deity. It results in re bounce of Intellect, energy and blessings from the deity. This is what I learnt from my Guru.

I understood that this discussion started with Mantra sastra and going in Bhakti marga!

Mantra sastra is very complicated and very very diversified. Though I'm not in a position to tell authoritatively, I'll try to present some good info on the basic terminology.

What are Shadangas?
According to Mantra sastra, Upasaka has to embody himself for the Mantra he is chanting. This is what called as Nyasa. For that purpose, there are different methods, called as Anga Nyasa, Kara Nyasa, Rishyadi Nyasa, Hridayadi Nyasa, Panchatatwa Nyasa, Varna Nyasa etc. Though each one has it's special benefits, Rishyadi Nyasa is famous.

Rishi : Believed as the one who got that mantra through devine vision (Darshana)for the first time. The one who chanted that mantra and got benefits.

Chandas : Rhythm to be followed to chant that Mantra, very important for Veda mantras, not that much important for remaining mantras as they'll have only few letters in them. But, all mantras will be named traditionally with a Chandas.

Devata : Deity who appears by chanting that mantra.

Beejam : Seed, which decides the route in which, the energy generated by chanting will be directed.

Shakti : Energy generated by the mantra.

Tatwa : Character of that mantra. Generally expressed in terms of Prithvi, Jala, Agni, Vayu, Akasa, Surya or Chandra.

Keelakam : Door bolt. One can not enter in to the room of results without opening it.

However, all these should be taken only as expressed forms of a mantra. May not be mandatory.

SRIRAMA MANTRA

There are Shadangas for Rama mantra. Narada Purana clearly illustrates many Rama mantras with all their Shadangas. For example,
Rama shadakshari :
Rishi : Brahma, Chandas : Gayatri, Devata : Srirama, Beejam : Adya, Shakti : Hridayam
Rama dasakshari :
Rishi : Vasishtha, Chandas : Swarat, Devata : Sitapati, Beejam : Adima, Shakti : Swaha etc.

But, remember Rama Nama Japa is different. It doesn't require any Mantra vidhi. Chanting the name of the most loved one is natural and joyous. Who cares about the remaining aspects? As all of us know, God sees only devotion not the wealth or knowledge about cult.

There are many other things, but better search for a Guru, who can guide you the way to use required mantra. Deeksha is also important. Devotion most important.